New England vs. Chesapeake: Religion and People

Throughout the 17th century many people of English origin flooded into the new world with the thought of a new beginning. In order to start their new lives, the English began settling in two main areas; known as the New England and Chesapeake regions. Although these areas were colonized by the same type of people, many differences existed amongst them. Religion was a main aspect in the differences between New England and Chesapeake. New England was founded for the purpose of religious freedom.The Puritans who first stepped off the Mayflower and landed in New England arrived with a perfect vision of what they believed their church would be like. They left England for the reason that they didn’t agree on the principles of the Church of England. This colony allowed them to worship whomever they chose. Although they had started a new life in a new place they remained faithful to the king of England. In order to become a saint one had to go through the conversion process which incl uded declaring your sins in front of your community. This granted church membership, which included the right to vote.Unlike New England, religion wasn’t a main objective in the Chesapeake society. Religion in the Chesapeake region was not at all common, except in a few areas. The colony of Maryland was intended as a sanctuary for Catholics after being mistreated when the Catholic Church separated from the Church of England. Some Virginians who were still religious remained Anglican. These differences between the colonies developed because of the people who settled there. New England was compromised of families who came to the New World in search of religious freedom while the Chesapeake Region consisted of young men whose only focus was money.This proves that the types of people that settled in these regions, led to the religious diversity between them. Furthermore the political systems that existed in the New England and Chesapeake regions were also different. The governmen t in New England changed many times through history, starting with the Mayflower Compact. It stated how the Puritans would establish a civil government while still being loyal to the king. Later the colonists demanded a court system known as General Court and a representative government. The king appointed a royal governor for each colony. These governors followed the orders of the king.They had a bicameral legislative: one which was appointed by the king and the other by the people. The local government involved the county court system which dealt with issues in the immediate town. These issues were discussed in the town meeting which only men were allowed to attend. Every man was given a freedom of speech during the town meetings. The right to vote was based on church membership. In the Chesapeake region every colony had a royal governor appointed by the king. They convinced the king to let them have an elected assembly but only if they paid for colonies by taxes.This assembly was known as the House of Burgesses and if elected it was a lifetime position. The local government consisted of a county court system which could set local tax rates and build roads. The right to vote was based on land ownership. The reasons the governments were different is because of the beliefs the inhabitants of each area had. The New Englanders believed religion was the key which led to more of a democratic type of government where they have more say. The people of the Chesapeake region revolved around making money. These differences in beliefs led to the variations in the types of governments.In addition to religion and political systems, the types of people that settled in these regions contributed to the differences. In the New England region the main focus was religion and family. People who first settled here were Puritans who broke off from the Church of England looking for religious freedom. New England attracted many families at the time. Since there were an equal number of males and females the birth rate was through the roof. They believed public education was key to resist the devil, which resulted in the Old Deluders act.Most New Englanders were loggers, fishers, or shipbuilders since the colony didn’t have a suitable geography and climate for agriculture. Social reciprocity was also common where everything was equal among people. The Chesapeake region was inhabited mostly by young men who come to the New World in pursuit of money. Since women were rare they had a larger influence than in New England. Tobacco was responsible for the success of some of these men. Tobacco became a very popular crop and required lots of land and labor. Indentured servants were hired to grow the tobacco.Settlers started replacing indentured servants with slaves because they could be driven harder with little to no compensation. These differences between the people of these colonies were based on their principles. New Englanders was centered on religion and fa mily while Chesapeake revolved around young men trying to make money. The settler’s principles led to the variances between the types of people that occupied in these colonies. Religion, political systems, and the types of people who occupied the New England and the Chesapeake regions, contributed to why they had evolved into two distinct societies over time.

Agricultural Revolution Essay

Back in the early years, people have their very own way to survive in this world. They went for hunting edible animals in the juggle or gather in a village or place so that they could obtain food supplies. Could we imagine how tough it was for these people merely to get food for living, so that they could continue their life and preserve the continuation of human being? But thankfully it changed in 1700s when people started to make agricultural revolution, by that means people domesticated plants and animals so that they could sustain their life by having food stocks that they preserved. Although there were group of hunters that still hunting during that time, the agricultural revolution has impacted many or should I say most of the people in this world. They started to make their own land into agriculture field where they could use it for farming and animal’s production. During this stage, usually the production of food supply and the crops yield just adequate for their own f amily supplies and it was not for commercial purpose. When it came to another stage of Agricultural revolution, where this revolution brought a very significant impact in civilization and economic development; in which the era was called by the dawn of civilization. The Agricultural Revolution resulted in a food surplus, not unlike the original agricultural revolution which allowed civilization to develop. The agricultural revolution was a period of agricultural development between the 18th century and the end of the 19th century, which we could describe as one of vast and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and drastic improvements in farm technology. This idea of Agricultural revolution can be proved, as more experimental farmers has developed good and healthy seeds, cross breeding animals that potentially increase their life and prevent any diseases, nutritious soil or dirt, effective fertilizers, a good and efficient system of drainage and fencing. In addition, these enhancements of science have reasonably produced an effici ent fertilizer thus it was one of major factors that increased the productivity of soil. Lastly, there were also multitude of great inventions such as seed drills, plow, moldboard and many more. These machines or inventions have made the farmer’s work became easier than it ever was and it also increased the productivity of crops and animals. I found a quote from  one of my readings and it effectively related to agricultural revolution, â€Å"Thus not only will the same amount of land be able to feed more people; but each of them, with less labor, will be employed more productively and will be able to satisfy his needs better.† (Condorcet, 1793) There were a number of the factors that triggered the idea of agricultural revolution and new farming method in that particular of time, in which obviously because the lack of food supplies while at the same time they also were facing overpopulation. Furthermore, people were desperately trying to overcome this deficient issue and came up with the ideas to increase the production of food by planting on their own. Apart from that, the industrial revolution also played a crucial role for agricultural revolution to rise. B oth of these revolutions were closely related because of the idea of having better living and civilization. In fact, it is impossible for industrial revolution to take place without agricultural revolution. Besides, agricultural revolution also was triggered by the improvement of transportation method such as roads, railroads, refrigerated railroad, cars and trucks. By using this improvement of transportation technology, the farmer could increase the quantity of crops yield being brought to the market hence maximize their profit. According to my professor, Deborah Symonds has stated â€Å"the changes in farming that made fortunes for some, and left others anxious and evicted from their farms.† Based on that statement, we can tell that there were possibility of pros and cons from the agricultural revolution phenomenon. However, I strongly believe that the pros outweigh the cons as the impact of agricultural revolution towards the society highly important. As we know, the development of science has created an improved quality of fertilizer that eventually impacted more productive land . As we know, productive land would produce vast productions of crops and animals. This would lead to an even and stable population growth and contribution of food supplies, in which it became a key factor to the overcoming of famine problem. Apart from that, the increased of the population had produced a greater demand from the people for goods such as clothing. It is said that agricultural revolution had been the stepping stone to the Industrial Revolution. This has resulted in more construction of industrial factories hence increased the work opportunity for the people. On the other hand, the cons of agricultural revolution was that it included the reallocation of land ownership. When the  land happened to be more productive, it increased in value. It attracted these capitalists to be investors for food plantation and domestic farmers to buy the land in a large scale so that they could utilize it to produce large crops and vast production of animals. The consequence affected those small farm owners, or people who started with small area of land found themselves left out. It led to the eviction of small farming family from their own land for example the Highland Clearance in Scotland. In conclusion, Agricultural revolution had played a very significant role in shaping our modern day. I personally believe that we could not live as modern as it should be without agricultural revolution in fact I imagine that we could still go for hunting for food supplies just for the matter of survival. It made me think that this revolution has overcome world’s greatest problem, the deficient food and kept us away from famine. The Agricultural revolution was indeed a crucial phenomenon that ever happened in development of civilization.

International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Economics - Essay Example Social and cultural characteristics also impact the production techniques since the stock of trust among Indians facilitates the maintenance of socially held knowledge that, in turn, allows the social organization of the economic activity of carpet making. In India, values, ideas, human relationships and knowledge of carpet making are transmitted from one generation to another as part of the robust Indian culture. Conversely, the carpet production process in the US is characterized by mechanization of most processes. 2This allows for large-scale production as a single carpet producer uses massive amounts of fiber each day. Resource endowment, in the US, includes massive amounts of financial and intellectual capital, high entrepreneurship and robust technologies. Additionally, income levels are relatively large, enabling entrepreneurship and the establishment of huge companies that churn out massive quantities of carpets throughout the year. Essentially, resource endowment, in the US, including land, capital, labor and entrepreneurship, is quite prosperous. Social and cultural characteristics of the US that impact carpet production include an appreciation for formal training and education, which results in highly skilled and specialized human capital essential for the production process. Question 2 Carpet production is one of India’s oldest industries, dating back to the Mughal Dynasty. However, carpet production centers on the individualistic skills and knowledge of a weaver rather than collective appreciation of carpet making acquired through formal education and training. Due to immediacy to furnishing product, several carpet manufacturing centers have developed across the country. Carpets produced in India are mostly exported since the Indian market for carpets is quite small as a result of the low purchasing capacity of local players. Presently, India’s carpet export is worth Rs.2600 crores while the local market size is approximately Rs.200 c rores. 3The industry has high growth potential as exports increased by 42.23% between 2004 and 2007. 4However, the industry is marred by challenges such as poor market channels, resulting in ignorance within the Indian market. 5On the other hand, the carpet industry in the US is highly developed. The industry shipped 1.969 billion square yards of carpet, in 2003; this was worth approximately $12 billion. Carpet shipments increased to 2.3 billion yards in 2004, demonstrating the massive potential inherent in the US carpet production industry. Presently, the US meets at least 45% of the world’s carpet needs. 6The US carpet industry is characterized by innovations and technological advances that allow for large-scale production of highly-priced goods. Technological progress is one of the primary reasons behind massive growth in the US carpet industry. The US carpet industry is highly organized, allowing for sufficient knowledge in the domestic market. 7 As a consequence, the US effectively meets at least 90% of its domestic carpet needs. Question 3 Latent demand for carpets in the USA pushes the country to become a primary importer of carpet despite being an efficient carpet producer. This is because carpet production, in the US, has been unable to offer complete satisfaction to all domestic needs and wants, resulting in a gap between what is available and desirable. The local US market has a high desirability for hand woven, Indian carpets, which are considered stylish and sophisticated. Conversely,

Introduction music technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction music technology - Essay Example The music critics also praised the lyrics and the natural and simple tone of Adele’s voice. Adele was offered her first recording contract from XL Recording after her demo was posted online by her friend. It was immediately a year after it that Adele received the critics’ choice award at Brit Awards and she also won the award for BBC Sound of the Year. Her first debut album â€Å"19† was released in the year 2008 and it immediately turned out to be a commercial and critical success. It was declared double platinum in US and four times platinum in UK. Adele experienced a career boost after she appeared on the show â€Å"Saturday night live† in 2008. She was also awarded â€Å"The Female Pop Vocal Performance† and â€Å"The Best New Artist† at the 51st annual Grammy awards. Adele’s second album named 21 set a world record, as it sold more than 28 million copies worldwide. For the completion of the song Adele collaborated with the successful producer and musician Dan Wilson. Before her meeting with Wilson, Adele wrote the lyrics of the song. Both of them practiced and brainstormed various lyrics and melodies. The song was recorded by Adele at the Harmony Studio that is present in West Hollywood California and Dan Wilson was on the Piano during the song. At that time Phillip Allen was the recording engineer. The mixing of the song was however done by Dan Parry and Tom Elmhirst, while the mastering of the song was completed by Tom Coyne. The song has a certain history, as lyrically it speaks about the end of relationship with her log time lover. The song also shows Adele confronting his marriage. At the starting of the song Adele sings a line which indicated that her boyfriend has now settled and has married someone else, which is accompanied by simple piano melody. The lyrics of the song indicate that what once was in Adele’s life and what could have been. Dan Wilson states that when Adele first

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Executive summary - Essay Example In 1990, European identity was formed. This was encouraged by values like poverty eradication, job creation, environmental protection, war rejection, freedom and democracy, human rights and European culture diversification (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 107). American media had dominated in 1980’s. This enabled USA to dominate the whole world in terms of imagery and even power. Western Europe countries also started to dominate the media but in minor way. Through technological development, some parts of Western Europe were able to have TV channels. Introduction of satellites made communication easier but western European media failed to introduce. Therefore, the European media was sidelined (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 108). In 1980, European fought cultural imperialism involving itself more on the media industries. An initiative called European Initiative was formed. Television channels were introduced since they were known to be more influential. This led to the existence of the Euronews. Euronews majors on current affairs and news only. It started broadcasting in five languages but currently it does broadcasting in twelve languages. It broadcasts to 333 million households (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 110). Euronews covers all stories from regions and these stories must be relevant to the European citizen. Its journalists ensure that national allusions and references are adhered to. Journalists write their own accounts. The stories they give should balance view where objectivity is the main rule (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 112). Currently, Euronews is trying to reach the whole world. It is broadcasting in twelve languages. This ensures that it is hunting the whole world. Euronews is reaching many countries in the world because European Union is also going global (Polonska & Kimunguyi,

The pony fishs glow chapter summaries Term Paper

The pony fishs glow chapter summaries - Term Paper Example examining human traits, modern biologists tend to not recognize elements of prior planning; rather such structures are perfected by the process of natural selection. The features, such as ears, are maintained because individuals with better versions of the feature are more likely to survive and reproduce. This is known as the adaptationist program. Petitioners of the program examine each trait in organisms, and look at how this relates to the way in which the organism survives to pass on its genes. Such questions get more complex as one looks at features more closely, such as the number of incisors in a jaw. The author summarizes his view of the study of biological adaptation in the first five chapters. He considers that adaptation is the development of something that is effective functionally from natural selection. He uses the pony fish as an example of this. This fish has a special type of light that helps it in many aspects of its life. However, other parts of its body aren’t as logical. For example, it only has two eyes, while more would make better sense given the environment which the fish exists in. â€Å"The Sun exists to illuminate the surface of the Earth, and we have eyes to allow us to make use of the sunlight†. These two statements which the author considers imply a cause and effect relationship between the Earth and the Sun. However, when you examine the two statements more closely, you find that there is no evidence for the first being true while the second is not only true but has special implications. If the purpose of the Sun was to serve the Earth, why would it be so large in comparison, and why is the Earth so far away. The eye however, is a complex structure with many regulatory capacities and is clearly designed to enable the organism that possesses it to observe the world around them. If an eye is designed, then does there necessarily have to be a designer? Paley argues that for a watch to exist, it must have been created by someone who

Consumption and Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Consumption and Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example (Perner n.d.) Researchers in sociology argue that consumption is both a cultural as well as an economic phenomenon; therefore participation in consumer culture is not restricted to those with financial resources to actually purchase goods. The new middle classes, gender, race and youth influence the development of consumer culture. In her seminal work Consumer Culture, Celia Lury argues that consumer culture should be considered as a subset of material culture; that in its current form consumer culture is characterised by 'stylization', following notions of the 'aestheticisation' of everyday life; the ability of subordinate social groups to influence development of consumer culture. This in turn suggests their relative autonomy form dominant structures of economic and social power and to an extent breaks down the distinction between high and low culture, thus levelling or augmenting social change (cited in Bowlby 1997 and Horrocks 1997). The implications of Lury's theses to marketers are obvious. Aesthetics in product presentation are as important as contents. Children, youth and other subordinate groups, which do not form dominant structures of economic and social power, determine or influence consumption. Marketers have data, analytical ability, practical tools and experience to understand consumer behaviour and presumably have the ability to influence it. Yet marketers influencing consumer behaviour on such a scale as to make their company's gigantic successes are an exception rather than the rule, the honourable exceptions being companies like Tesco, Dove, Innocent and iPod. Professor Andrew Ehrenberg observed "that keeping things the same would represent a reasonable success for most promotional campaigns." (Marketing theory2007). On the other hand from a consumer's viewpoint is buying a simple process Is it just that people recognise the need for a product, locate a place to buy it, buy it and consume it According to the post-modern approach, there are a lot of influences that affect the 'simple process'. The experience of Wal-Mart's Latin America operations have important lesson for marketers. The retail chain designed its stores the way they are in the US, with narrow aisles broad parking areas and red, white and blue banners. Latin Americans like wide aisles because they visit super markets with their large families; large parking lots do not appeal to them, as many do not own cars and the banners appeared to them as 'Yankee imperialism'. Consumer's buying behaviour is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors but in this mix cultural factors dominate. (Kotler 2003, p.183). The following diagram depicts the stimulus-organism-response model of buying behaviour: Model of buyer behaviour- Adapted from Kotler 2003, p. 184 According to Kotler, culture, subculture and social class largely determine the consumer's buying behaviour. (Kotler 2003, p. 183). Culture or civilisation is an individual's highest form of identification with the society. Each culture has within itself - sub-cultures - smaller

Managing for results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing for results - Essay Example The present day mangers believe in acting as a guide cum leader for the employees; they not just assist the subordinates to perform their task but also help them to move ahead in the career. Therefore, the managers must keep themselves updated with the activities taking place within the organisation. Apart from the internal factors, they also have to understand the external environment that is the economic condition, the government policies in the local as well as in other nations, changes taking place in customer’s behaviour and technology. The growing competition in the business sector demands high degree of efficiency from the managers; thus the company also motivates the mangers to update themselves by participating in different trainings sessions (seminars, conferences and off-job training). In the given project at first role of the manager in the prevailing globalised world will be discussed. Later on, different approaches will be discussed that needs to be followed by t he managers in achieving the organisational goal. Some real life examples will also be drawn to further explain different approaches followed by the managers in their organisations. ... Figure: The Managerial Grid by Blake & Mouton Source: Egner, 2009, p.10 According to Blake & Mouton, the manager’s attitude can be measured on basis of two distinct factors. These are concern for people and concern for production. Generally, the functional mangers (floor managers) are more concerned about the production; whereas the top level managers who have to manage group of highly efficient and self sufficient subordinates are more concerned about the people. The managers who are neither concerned about the people nor about the productions are considered as the inefficient one. Similarly, the one who is high in both the factors is the most effective one. Such a manager maintain close association with the subordinates and assist them to develop themselves (Miller, 2008, p.46-47). The attitude followed by the manager is influences by several factors. These can be summarised as the organisational culture, the leadership style of the top management, the nature of the subordin ates, the social norms of the society were the organisation is operating and finally the personality of the manager. Therefore, all these factors should be taken into consideration by the manager to modify his or her attitude so that organisational goal can be achieved. Role of a manager in the organisation In general, the role of a manger comprises of planning, organising, scheduling, and assisting the employees to accompany their task and evaluating the operations (Rothwell, 2001, p.7). All of these functions are quite essential and managers have to be careful while conducting them. The process of management starts with planning. At first the manager has to analyse the external as well as internal environment and then a plan should be developed that will guide the subordinates in

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization Essay Example for Free

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization Essay In the United States the practice of serial monogamy, where one goes through a series of marriages then divorce; and unwed parenthood seem to have replaced the cultural traditional marriage. (Nowak Laird, 2010) Single parent families and the accompanying socioeconomic circumstances usually warrant social intervention from state agencies and that places a strain on public funds. The fact is, every single parent household is unbalanced. In the household where both parents are present the children usually benefit because each parent brings; not only a gender based perspective to the relationship and child rearing cultural traditional practices; but he/she also brings a level of stability that is not easily quantified. Stable marriages are usually founded upon the couple’s religious beliefs, kinship traditions of stable relationships, friendship, trust, similar backgrounds, traditional values as well as kindred cultural practices that include gender role expectations. Persons in stable marriages tend to understand each other’s moods and idiosyncrasies; so they are able to co-exist and live as friends. In the film, people adhere to the traditions of their kindred, they hold them sacred and they marry their own kind. It might seem bizarre to the outsider but it is normal behavior for their kinship. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The groom’s family gives the bride’s family a bride wealth of livestock, jewelry land and other valuables depending on the traditional culture of the tribe. The bride wealth forms a part of the wealth of the bride’s kinship. The groom basically has to pay the bride’s family for the loss of her labor. (Nowak Laird, 2010). The women accept and submit themselves to the cultural traditions of their kinship. They have no choice in the arrangements. In the film, the women are hard workers. They take care of the men, children, fields, livestock wash the clothes, cook but the most bizarre was the Indian polyandrous family; the woman was married to three brothers. The children in this family do not know their biological father; and it is normal behavior so nobody really cares about a DNA match. It is also interesting to note that the wife in the feature film is illiterate and she knows no other way of life. The family is stable and the brothers look out for each other. This arrangement is economical as all the wealth is kept in the groom’s kinship. As strange as it may sound, this marriage seem to be more successful than the marriages of choice; in that the wives know there roles and stick to their list of duties. On the other hand, in marriages of choice, after a few years have passed, the wives tend to place pressure on the husbands to change into their likeness and to be what they, and their families want them to be. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The gang/crime family is a rather incredible one. I prefer to consider it as a social group with its own set of operational tenets but not a family. Rference Nowak, B., Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropolgy, San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Solar Ice Maker Essay Example for Free

Solar Ice Maker Essay Solar Icemaker Up to 1000 pounds of ice per day! Low cost and reliable source of ice for situations requiring 25 to 1000 pounds of ice per day (12-450kg). Isaac is the acronym for Intermittent Solar Ammonia Absorption Cycle. Ammonia absorption refrigeration technology was developed in the 19th century and is still used in industrial applications. Energy Concepts has adopted this technology to a machine which uses the sun as the only energy output. The particular advances in the design and configuration have resulted in a low cost and reliable method of making significant quantities of ice in areas without electricity. How Isaac Works During the day the solar collector focuses the energy of the sun onto the ammonia generator in the collector trough. Solar heat distills pure ammonia vapor from the water-ammonia solution in the generator. The vapor condenses in the cooling coils and collects as liquid ammonia in the receiving tank in the evaporator. At the end of the day, the user switches three valves from the Day to Night position to allow the ammonia to evaporate in the ice compartment, providing the refrigeration to freeze the water. The resulting vapor is absorbed back in the generator. Critical to the operation of Isaac is a passive thermosyphon that operates in the Night mode to remove the heat from the generator and allow the ammonia vapor to absorb into the solution at lower pressure and temperature. At the beginning of the day, the operator harvests the ice from the ice trays, operates a drain sequence to remove traces of absorbent from the evaporator, and places the unit back into Day mode to begin the next cycle. The solar collector is re-aimed weekly to follow the seasonal movement of the sun. Occasionally the solar collector should be rinsed with water to remove dust. The primary effort involved in operating the Isaac is filling the ice trays with water in the evening and removing the ice each morning. The valve operation only adds a few seconds to the tasks.